Did major havoc die2/11/2024 ![]() Nevertheless, he went through with it, but he did not forget his former Protestant brethren. Although his motives were purely political, Dickerman noted that the Protestant king had major reservations. When the Protestant Henri III of Navarre became King Henri IV of France (pictured above), he decided that "Paris well worth a Mass." Writing in the Catholic Historical Review, Edmund Dickerman noted that Henri agreed to convert to Catholicism in 1593 to stabilize his position. The French Wars of Religion ended through a compromise. Thus Alfonso followed the long tradition among Christians and Muslims of showing mercy or force wherever it was convenient. The women and children were taken prisoner. But he also burned the mosque of Baeza and massacred the men of Ubeda. King Alfonso VII of Castile, the crusade leader, forbade the killing of Muslims that had surrendered, leading many crusaders to quit. The combined Christian forces subsequently crushed the Almohads and pacified most of southern Spain by 1250.Īccording Muslim chronicler Ali al-Tamimi al-Marrukshi, the Christian response to their new Muslim subjects varied. In response, Pope Innocent III declared a crusade, urging Europe's Christians to Iberia's defense. ![]() According to bishop and chronicler Lucas de Tuy (via IMS-Leeds), the Muslim forces sacked the town of Salvatierra after the Kingdom of Castile refused to surrender it and prepared to push north. As the Christian kingdoms grew stronger, religious lines hardened, leading to the key clash in 1212 at Las Navas de Tolosa.
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